Trim bead and stucco system including same

ABSTRACT

A trim bead for a building wall incorporates an outwardly extending flange portion to provide a mechanical key for a layer of exterior finishing coatings, such as stucco coatings. The trim bead may be used in stucco systems for exterior building walls that employ continuous thermal insulation over the building wall substrate.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims the benefit of the filing date of U.S. Provisional Application for Patent Ser. No. 61/411,125 filed Nov. 8, 2010, which is hereby incorporated by reference.

BACKGROUND

Exterior stucco or cement plaster, as it is commonly known, is installed on commercial as well as residential buildings and can be applied over a variety of substrates such as masonry as well as framed/sheathed wall assemblies. Depending upon the type of substrate, an intervening layer of a water resistive barrier and lath or plaster base, which serves as a mechanical key for the stucco, is applied prior to the application of the stucco.

There are two common types of stucco which are commonly referred to as One Coat Stucco which generally consists of a ⅜ to ½ inch thick stucco and Three Coat or traditional stucco which generally consists of ½ to ¾ inch thick stucco. The stucco is either hand troweled or spray applied to the substrate or lath (if used). Trim accessories, also known in the building and construction industry as trim bead, which are fabricated from metal or plastic, are used in conjunction with stucco to serve as a gauge for the stucco thickness and/or as a termination or stopping point for the stucco. A finish coat or paint/coating is applied over the dry/cured stucco to provide the final appearance.

Thermal insulation, when used with stucco clad walls, is most commonly achieved by installing one of several types in the stud or wall cavity. In some cases, limited thicknesses (generally no greater than 1½″) of a thermal insulation board, which is generally a foam plastic such as Expanded Polystyrene, is installed continuously over the substrate prior to the application of the lath. Historically, continuous thermal insulation board has been used more often with the One Coat Stucco systems than with Three Coat Stucco systems.

Due to recent energy codes such as the IECC (International Energy Conservation Code), as well as standards such as ASHRAE (American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers), there is an increasing demand in many cases to use Stucco with continuous thermal insulation applied over the substrate at greater thicknesses than the 1½″ which has traditionally been used in the past. In fact, continuous insulation thicknesses of 4″ or more may be needed to satisfy existing or anticipated energy code requirements. As the thickness of the continuous insulation board increases, it can change the geometry, profile, complexity and detailing of stucco wall assemblies specifically as it relates to satisfying conditions such as fire requirements, drainage, and final aesthetic appearance. Trim accessories, originally intended for use with stucco that did not contain continuous insulation or possibly accommodated thinner (1½″ thick or less) continuously insulated systems often can not accommodate the thicker continuously insulated systems. Current commercially available trim accessories, which for various technical as well as aesthetic reasons, do not sufficiently satisfy the thicker continuous insulation systems. As a result, there is a need to develop a new type of trim accessory that will better accommodate continuously insulated stucco systems.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a top perspective view of one illustrative embodiment of the trim bead.

FIG. 2 is a bottom perspective view of the illustrative embodiment of the trim bead shown in FIG. 1.

FIG. 3 is an end view of one illustrative embodiment of the trim bead.

FIG. 4 is end view of one illustrative embodiment of a building wall using the trim bead shown in FIGS. 1-3.

FIG. 5 is an enlarged fragmentary view of the building wall and trim bead shown in FIG. 4.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Provided is a trim bead, which can be fabricated from various materials, that will address the unique needs of stucco systems that incorporate various thicknesses of continuous, thermal exterior insulation. The trim bead will enable the continuous insulation to be sufficiently encapsulated with stucco, provide a means to drain incidental moisture as would be needed at heads, foundation, as well as other similar conditions and openings, provides a mechanical key for the stucco, a ground or thickness gauge, and is aesthetically pleasing since it enables more of the stucco (and less of the trim bead) to be visible. If necessary, depending upon the type and requirements of the construction, encapsulation of the continuous thermal insulation by the stucco can provide fire protection.

The trim bead is for use in an exterior building wall. The trim bead comprises spaced-apart front and rear walls, a bottom wall extending between and connecting the front and rear walls, and a flange portion extending substantially horizontally from the front wall. The flange of the trim accessory includes a plurality of opening communicating through the thickness of the flange.

The trim bead may comprise a polymer material, a metal material, a metal alloy material, or a composite material.

According to certain embodiments, the bottom wall comprises at least one weep hole to drain water and other incidental moisture from the wall to the external environment. The rear wall may comprise at least one opening communicating at least partially through the thickness of the rear wall to engage a mechanical fastener to fasten the trim bead to the building wall substrate. In the event that the trim bead is utilized is a jamb area of an opening in the building structure, it does not require a weep hole for drainage purposes.

The flange is provided with a plurality of openings communicating through the thickness of the flange to hold an exterior finishing material, such as stucco. The openings may be formed in metal or metal alloy flanges by perforating, stamping, or expanding the material of the flange of the trim bead. According to alternative embodiments, the trim bead may be made from a polymer material and the openings may be formed in the polymer material. The openings allow the exterior finishing material, such as stucco, to communicate through the thickness of the flange. In the construction industry, the term “keying” is used to describe an exterior finishing material communicating through an opening in an object.

In certain embodiments, the flange may comprise a mesh, a diamond mesh, or a ribbed structure.

Also provided is an exterior finish system for building walls. The exterior finish system comprises optionally a weather resistive barrier, a trim bead, an insulation layer, a reinforcement layer for exterior finish materials, and at least one layer of an exterior finishing coating applied to the reinforcement layer and the flange of the trim bead. The trim bead comprises spaced-apart front and rear walls, a bottom wall connecting the front and rear walls, and a flange portion extending from the front wall.

Also provided is a stucco system for building walls. The stucco finish system comprises optionally a weather resistive barrier, a trim bead, an insulation layer, a lath attached to the insulation layer, and at least one layer of a stucco coating applied to the lath, the insulation layer, and to the flange of the trim bead. The trim bead comprises spaced-apart front and rear walls, a bottom wall connecting the front and rear walls, and a flange portion extending from the front wall.

An exterior building wall is also provided. The exterior building wall comprises a frame having an exterior surface. A trim bead is attached to the exterior surfaces of the frame. A weather resistive barrier is optionally attached to said exterior surface of said frame, prior to the trim bead. The trim bead comprises spaced-apart front and rear walls, a bottom wall connecting the front and rear walls, and a flange portion extending from the front wall. The flange of the trim bead includes a plurality of openings communicating through the thickness of the flange. An insulation layer is adjacent the trim bead and attached the frame, a reinforcement layer attached to the insulation layer, and at least one layer of an exterior finishing coating is applied to the insulation layer and the flange of the trim bead.

According to certain illustrative embodiments, the exterior building wall comprises a frame having an exterior surface. A trim bead is attached to the exterior surfaces of the frame. The trim bead comprises spaced-apart front and rear walls, a bottom wall connecting the front and rear walls, and a flange portion extending from the front wall. The flange of the trim accessory includes a plurality of opening communicating through the thickness of the flange. An insulation layer is adjacent the trim bead and attaches from the building wall, a lath is attached over the insulation layer, and at least one layer of a stucco coating is applied to the insulation layer and the flange of the trim bead.

According to certain illustrative embodiments, the exterior building wall comprises a frame having an exterior surface. A building wall substrate is attached to the exterior surface of the frame. A trim bead is attached to the exterior surfaces of building wall substrate. The trim bead comprises spaced-apart front and rear walls, a bottom wall connecting the front and rear walls, and a flange portion extending from the front wall. The flange of the trim bead includes a plurality of opening communicating through the thickness of the flange. An insulation layer is attached to the building wall substrate, a reinforcement layer is attached to the insulation, and at least one layer of an exterior finishing coating is applied to the reinforcement layer, the insulation layer, and the flange of the trim bead.

According to certain illustrative embodiments, the exterior building wall comprises a frame having an exterior surface. A building wall substrate is attached to the exterior surface of the frame. A trim bead is attached to the exterior surfaces of building wall substrate. The trim bead comprises spaced-apart front and rear walls, a bottom wall connecting the front and rear walls, and a flange portion extending from the front wall. The flange of the trim bead includes a plurality of opening communicating through the thickness of the flange. An insulation layer is attached to the building wall substrate, a lath is attached to the insulation layer, and at least one layer of a stucco coating is applied to the lath, the insulation layer, and flange of the trim bead.

According to further illustrative embodiments, the exterior building wall comprises a frame having an exterior surface. A building wall substrate is attached to the exterior surface of the frame. A weather resistive barrier is attached over the building wall substrate. A trim bead is attached to the exterior surfaces of building wall substrate. The weather resistive barrier overlays the vertical rear wall of the trim bead that is positioned adjacent the exteriorly facing surface of the building wall substrate. The trim bead comprises spaced-apart front and rear walls, a bottom wall connecting the front and rear walls, and a flange portion extending from the front wall. The flange of the trim bead includes a plurality of openings communicating through the thickness of the flange. An insulation layer is adjacent the trim bead, and attaches to the building wall substrate. A reinforcement layer is attached to the insulation layer. At least one layer of an exterior finishing coating is applied to a reinforcement layer or the insulation layer and the flange of the trim bead.

According to further illustrative embodiments, the exterior building wall comprises a frame having an exterior surface. A building wall substrate is attached to the exterior surface of the frame. A weather resistive barrier is attached over the building wall substrate. A trim bead is attached to the exterior surfaces of building wall substrate. The weather barrier overlays the vertical rear wall of the trim bead that is positioned adjacent the exteriorly facing surface of the building wall substrate. The trim bead comprises spaced-apart front and rear walls, a bottom wall connecting the front and rear walls, and a flange portion extending from the front wall. The flange of the trim accessory includes a plurality of opening communicating through the thickness of the flange. An insulation layer is adjacent said trim bead and attached to the building wall substrate, a lath is attached to the insulation layer, and at least one layer of a stucco coating is applied to the insulation layer and the flange of the trim bead.

A process for finishing an exterior building wall is also provided. The process for finishing an exterior building wall comprises attaching a trim bead to the exterior surfaces of a framed wall. The trim bead comprises spaced-apart front and rear walls, a bottom wall connecting the front and rear walls, and a flange portion extending from the front wall. The flange of the trim bead includes a plurality of opening communicating through the thickness of the flange, attaching an insulation layer to the building wall frame, and applying a layer of an exterior finishing material coating to the surfaces of the insulation layer and the flange of the trim bead.

According to certain illustration embodiments, the process for finishing an exterior building wall comprises attaching a trim bead to the exterior surfaces of a framed wall. The trim bead comprises spaced-apart front and rear walls, a bottom wall connecting the front and rear walls, and a flange portion extending from the front wall. The flange of the trim bead includes a plurality of openings communicating through the thickness of the flange, attaching an insulation layer to the building wall frame, attaching a lath to the insulation, and applying a layer of a stucco coating to the surfaces of the lath, or the insulation layer and the flange of the trim bead.

According to further illustrative embodiments, the process for finishing an exterior building wall comprises attaching a building wall substrate to the exterior surfaces of the framed wall. A trim bead is then attached to the exterior surfaces of the building wall substrate. The trim bead comprises spaced-apart front and rear walls, a bottom wall connecting the front and rear walls, and a flange portion extending from the front wall. The flange of the trim bead includes a plurality of openings communicating through the thickness of the flange, attaching an insulation layer to the building wall substrate, and applying a layer of an exterior finishing material coating to the surfaces of the insulation layer and the flange of the trim bead.

According to further illustrative embodiments, the process for finishing an exterior building wall comprises attaching a building wall substrate to the exterior surfaces of the framed wall. A trim bead is then attached to the exterior surfaces of the building wall substrate. The trim bead comprises spaced-apart front and rear walls, a bottom wall connecting the front and rear walls, and a flange portion extending from the front wall. The flange of the trim bead includes a plurality of opening communicating through the thickness of the flange, attaching an insulation layer to the building wall substrate, attaching a lath to the insulation, and applying a layer of a stucco coating to the lath which has been installed over the insulation layer and the flange of the trim bead.

According to further illustrative embodiments, the process for finishing an exterior building wall comprises attaching a building wall substrate to the exterior surfaces of the framed wall. A weather resistive barrier is attached over the building wall substrate. A trim bead is then attached to the weather resistive barrier-covered building wall substrate. The weather resistive barrier is applied over a portion of the vertical rear wall of the trim bead that is positioned adjacent the exteriorly facing surface of the building wall substrate. The trim bead comprises spaced-apart front and rear walls, a bottom wall connecting the front and rear walls, and a flange portion extending from the front wall. The flange of the trim bead includes a plurality of opening communicating through the thickness of the flange, attaching an insulation layer to the building wall substrate, and applying a layer of an exterior finishing material coating to the surfaces of the insulation layer and the flange of the trim bead.

According to further illustrative embodiments, the process for finishing an exterior building wall comprises attaching a building wall substrate to the exterior surfaces of the framed wall. A weather resistive barrier is attached over the building wall substrate. The weather resistive barrier is applied over at least a portion of the vertical rear wall of the trim bead that is positioned adjacent the exteriorly facing surface of the building wall substrate. A trim bead is then attached to the weather resistive barrier-covered building wall substrate. The trim bead comprises spaced-apart front and rear walls, a bottom wall connecting the front and rear walls, and a flange portion extending from the front wall. The flange of the trim bead includes a plurality of opening communicating through the thickness of the flange, attaching an insulation layer to the building wall substrate, attaching a lath to the insulation layer, and applying a layer of a stucco coating to the lath which has been installed over the insulation layer and the flange of the trim bead.

The building wall substrate, without limitation, may be selected from plywood sheathing, wafer board, particle board, oriented strand board, cement board, gypsum board, poured concrete, concrete block, and masonry block. In one embodiment, the building wall substrate is a layer of plywood sheathing. According to other embodiments, the building wall substrate may be a layer of masonry block.

According to certain embodiments, the weather resistive barriers may include water resistive barriers and other well known and industry accepted sheet materials or factory applied materials that resist the transmission of water therethrough and control the transmission of moisture vapor and air therethrough. Without limitation, examples of suitable sheet materials include SENERFLASH commercially available from BASF Corporation-Wall Systems (Jacksonville, Fla., USA).

Non-woven sheets of spun-bonded high density polyethylene fibers are commercially available from E.I. DuPont de Nemours & Co., Inc. (Wilmington, Del.) under the trademarks Tyvek® HomeWrap™, Tyvek® StuccoWrap™ and Tyvek® CommercialWrap™ The non-woven structure provides excellent resistance to water and air penetration. In addition, the non-woven structure has excellent strength and tear resistance.

Alternatively to the use of the paper or sheet materials as the secondary weather barrier, a fluid applied weather resistive barrier may be used. Without limitation, any only by way of illustration, suitable roller, spray, or trowel applied secondary water resistive barriers may include those water barrier materials commercially available from BASF Corporation-Wall Systems (Jacksonville, Fla.) under the trade designations SENERSHIELD-R, FINESTOP RA, ACROSTOP R, SONOWALL FTR, ENERSHIELD HP, ENERSHIELD I, SENERSHIELD VB, and FINESTOP VB. SENERSHIELD-R, FINESTOP RA, ACROSTOP R, SONOWALL FTR, and ENERSHIELD HP are flexible, acrylic liquid coating materials. SENERSHIELD-R, FINESTOP RA, ACROSTOP R, SONOWALL FTR, and ENERSHIELD HP provide a brush-, roller- or spray-applied continuous membrane that is suitable for direct application to a wide variety of approved building wall substrates, such as plywood sheathing, cement board, gypsum sheathing, oriented strand board, poured concrete substrates, masonry unit, and the like.

A lath is used as a plaster base for the stucco coating over the continuous thermal insulation layer or the underlying building wall substrate The lath may be manufactured from metals (such as wire lath, welded-wire lath, and expanded metal lath), metal alloys, polymeric materials, inorganic fiber materials (such as glass fibers), composite materials, and the like. According to certain illustrative embodiments, the lath used in the stucco system and building wall incorporating the stucco system comprises a woven, enhanced thickness inorganic fiber fabric commercially available from BASF Corporation-Wall Systems (Jacksonville, Fla., USA) under the trade designations PERMALATH and PERMALATH 1000.

The term stucco is intended to refer to any render material that comprises a blend of a binder material, aggregate and water that is generally used as a wall covering material for building walls. Without limitation, stucco may comprise a blend of lime, sand aggregate, and water, or a blend of Portland cement, sand aggregate, and water, or a blend of Portland cement, lime, sand aggregate, and water. The stucco material may also include reinforcing fibers to improve the properties of the hardened stucco. Stucco materials are often referred to in the building and construction industry as Portland cement-based plaster. The stucco coating may be applied to the insulation layer or building wall substrate in accordance with ASTM C926 (2006) entitled “Standard Specification for Application of Portland Cement-Based Plaster”. ASTM C926 describes the requirements for the application of full thickness Portland cement-based plaster materials for exterior and interior building walls. A wide variety of stucco base coats and finish coats are commercially available from BASF Corporation-Wall Systems (Jacksonville, Fla., USA).

An illustrative embodiment of the stucco system will now be described in greater detail with reference to the FIGURES. It should be noted that the stucco system is not intended to be limited to the illustrative embodiments shown in the FIGURES.

FIGS. 1-3 show an illustrative embodiment of the trim bead 10. Trim bead includes front wall 12 having opposite facing surfaces 14, 16. Bottom wall 18 of the trim bead 10 extends outwardly surface 14 of the lower portion of front wall 12. The vertical height between bottom wall 18 and flange 26 is commonly referred to in the construction industry as the ground. Rear wall 20 extends upwardly from bottom wall 18 of trim bead 10. Rear wall 20 extends upwardly from bottom wall 18 to a height that is greater than the height of front wall 12 of the trim bead 10. While not intending to be bound to any particular geometry or shape, the illustrative embodiment of the front, bottom and rear walls create a substantially J-shaped trim bead 10.

Still referring to FIGS. 1-3, bottom wall 18 of the trim bead 10 includes one or more openings 22 that communicate through the entire thickness of bottom wall 18. These openings 22 are commonly referred to in the construction industry as weep holes and are used to drain incidental water from the wall to the external environment. Rear wall 20 may include one or more openings 24 that communicate through the entire thickness of the rear wall 20 to accommodate mechanical fasteners to secure the trim bead to the exterior surfaces of a framed wall or to the exterior surfaces of the building wall substrate layer that is attached to the building wall frame. The rear wall 20 is commonly referred to in the construction industry as the mounting or back flange.

Turning to FIGS. 4 and 5, building wall 30 includes framing members 34, 36. Attached to framing member 36 is a layer of building wall sheathing 38. Trim bead 10 is attached to the exteriorly facing surface of building wall sheathing 38 with mechanical fastener 40. A weather resistive barrier 42 is applied over the exteriorly facing surface of the building wall sheathing 38. The weather barrier 42 overlaps at least a portion of the rear wall 20 of the trim bead 10. A layer of continuous thermal insulation board 50 is engaged with the trim bead 10. The rear surface 52 of the insulation board is positioned substantially adjacent to the weather resistive barrier 42. The lower surface 54 of the insulation layer is supported by the flange 26.

Referring to FIG. 5, a corner bead 60 is often used and engaged with the flange 26 of the trim bead 10. At least one layer of stucco 62 is applied over the lath 64 and continuous thermal insulation layer 50. Because the flange 24 and corner bead 60 provide mechanical keying for the stucco layer 62, the stucco layer is able to surround the thermal insulation layer 50, including the exposed lower edge 54 of the thermal insulation layer 50. In the event of industry standard fire testing (National Fire Protection Association or NFPA 285) where fire emanates from the windows of the building and upwardly along the exterior surface of the building wall 30, the use of the flange 26 and corner bead 60 permits the stucco layer 62 to protect the thermal insulation layer 50, which is typically a rigid expanded polystyrene insulation board.

An illustrative embodiment of the exterior finishing system was tested in accordance with the guidelines set forth in NFPA 285 (National Fire Protection Association). NFPA 285 discloses the standard test method for the evaluation of fire propagation characteristics of exterior non-load-bearing wall assemblies containing combustible components. The illustrative embodiment comprised a trim bead; an exterior building wall comprised of a frame with an exterior surface; a weather resistant barrier attached to the wall; an insulation layer attached to the wall; a lath attached to the insulation layer; and a stucco coating.

Fifty-four (54) Type K, fiberglass jacketed thermocouples were installed within the wall system according to NFPA 285. The thermocouple data was monitored every fifteen (15) seconds by a 100-channel Yokogawa, Inc., Darwin Data Acquisition Unit. A commercial grade propane gas burner assembly was positioned on the vertical centerline, nine (9) inches below the top of the window opening, and on the horizontal centerline, three (3) inches from the plane of the exterior wall.

Temperature data from twenty-four (24) of the thermocouples were used to determine compliance with the NFPA 285 standard. Thermocouples 11, and 14-17 were positioned on the exterior wall surface. Thermocouples 18, 19, 28, and 31-40 were positioned within the exterior finishing system core. Thermocouples 49-54 were positioned on the second floor interior wall surface. Compliance with the NFPA standard required that thermocouples 11, and 14-17 not exceed 1000° F., thermocouples 18, 19, 28, and 31-40 not measure a temperature rise of greater than 750° F., and thermocouples 49-54 not measure a rise over 500° F. The results of the test are provided in Tables 1-3 below.

TABLE 1 E119 Pass/ Pass/ Pass/ Pass/ Pass/ Std Burn Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Time Average Room TC TC TC TC TC (min) (° F.) (° F.) #11 #14 #15 #16 #17 0 68 93 85 84 84 84 84 0.25 115 537 270 106 155 168 98 0.5 161 945 335 122 212 212 119 0.75 208 1080 357 112 217 237 131 1 254 1146 407 119 218 227 119 1.25 301 1187 413 124 249 242 133 1.5 348 1219 425 132 289 250 136 1.75 394 1233 421 111 242 246 137 2 441 1239 392 118 214 266 127 2.25 487 1244 430 123 224 258 154 2.5 534 1250 417 127 246 259 132 2.75 581 1266 411 125 243 262 138 3 627 1277 434 127 231 263 146 3.25 674 1288 425 124 222 261 155 3.5 720 1301 425 118 224 274 156 3.75 767 1319 447 131 251 283 138 4 814 1327 389 130 282 237 129 4.25 860 1359 426 140 229 257 156 4.5 907 1362 420 136 232 253 150 4.75 953 1365 422 129 214 262 149 5 1000 1360 428 133 233 274 160 5.25 1015 1363 518 132 252 319 163 5.5 1030 1364 513 137 269 326 166 5.75 1045 1373 499 167 267 306 145 6 1060 1366 525 154 271 326 150 6.25 1075 1366 499 157 287 335 157 6.5 1090 1367 522 157 284 333 157 6.75 1105 1372 528 150 270 316 162 7 1120 1369 519 142 260 359 167 7.25 1135 1371 525 147 246 339 162 7.5 1150 1376 524 157 257 322 155 7.75 1165 1386 538 149 290 327 156 8 1180 1382 533 173 302 331 160 8.25 1195 1388 497 152 277 354 156 8.5 1210 1389 519 149 274 334 161 8.75 1225 1387 520 150 269 337 163 9 1240 1390 536 141 284 328 163 9.25 1255 1392 535 146 278 360 167 9.5 1270 1396 521 161 286 333 165 9.75 1285 1401 531 157 294 347 163 10 1300 1397 533 157 271 354 168 10.25 1312 1397 548 145 281 370 181 10.5 1317 1405 565 152 293 364 167 10.75 1323 1406 551 164 295 364 167 11 1328 1409 570 161 288 371 171 11.25 1333 1396 568 151 307 362 165 11.5 1337 1415 555 158 307 363 161 11.75 1342 1415 559 168 326 346 154 12 1347 1415 550 163 318 365 177 12.25 1351 1417 581 167 307 337 168 12.5 1356 1421 556 164 301 361 168 12.75 1360 1427 549 164 323 348 164 13 1364 1424 568 165 325 337 176 13.25 1369 1431 546 165 318 364 182 13.5 1373 1431 562 176 293 389 165 13.75 1377 1438 556 152 297 410 161 14 1381 1434 558 162 291 379 172 14.25 1385 1432 567 148 307 365 175 14.5 1388 1439 555 157 302 387 163 14.75 1392 1434 568 160 312 371 166 15 1396 1434 536 152 337 388 173 15.25 1400 1491 606 166 350 399 177 15.5 1403 1520 608 171 359 378 178 15.75 1407 1531 609 196 338 402 174 16 1410 1534 599 186 348 395 172 16.25 1414 1534 625 174 352 415 185 16.5 1417 1546 641 166 346 371 176 16.75 1420 1535 633 158 337 424 168 17 1424 1533 644 153 331 418 190 17.25 1427 1554 662 155 343 396 176 17.5 1430 1549 626 174 337 427 195 17.75 1433 1558 663 179 362 427 193 18 1436 1556 644 181 340 474 187 18.25 1439 1570 654 178 351 422 181 18.5 1442 1547 639 180 361 417 180 18.75 1445 1560 642 157 335 434 184 19 1448 1555 643 173 367 433 192 19.25 1451 1554 635 175 335 446 188 19.5 1454 1556 662 163 351 407 186 19.75 1457 1569 639 197 334 414 181 20 1459 1564 633 177 370 403 203 20.25 1462 1575 690 173 378 451 180 20.5 1465 1576 696 190 371 402 191 20.75 1467 1571 710 181 389 425 217 21 1470 1576 681 192 391 430 176 21.25 1473 1560 679 180 366 441 193 21.5 1475 1572 679 182 336 415 188 21.75 1478 1581 653 187 354 451 187 22 1480 1544 683 183 342 467 189 22.25 1483 1548 671 193 388 443 210 22.5 1485 1551 695 194 411 459 177 22.75 1488 1549 686 173 361 435 192 23 1490 1557 670 172 361 431 186 23.25 1493 1554 670 181 355 449 190 23.5 1495 1553 671 176 362 425 205 23.75 1497 1569 681 171 326 434 178 24 1499 1586 648 208 369 444 200 24.25 1502 1591 671 197 354 469 208 24.5 1504 1582 667 180 364 473 209 24.75 1506 1599 676 176 391 468 198 25 1508 1589 704 194 401 445 212 25.25 1511 1607 722 198 414 451 218 25.5 1513 1643 719 195 390 449 203 25.75 1515 1627 745 186 409 459 212 26 1517 1637 718 179 432 430 204 26.25 1519 1634 736 176 399 445 216 26.5 1521 1653 730 179 433 420 200 26.75 1523 1633 761 168 399 437 188 27 1525 1650 751 186 408 467 176 27.25 1527 1654 716 187 426 396 157 27.5 1529 1666 729 183 420 359 152 27.75 1531 1662 739 197 446 406 180 28 1533 1674 728 188 392 444 190 28.25 1535 1668 747 186 422 468 193 28.5 1537 1657 751 190 431 436 177 28.75 1539 1672 766 198 415 447 199 29 1541 1671 738 187 402 443 177 29.25 1543 1668 705 186 378 477 205 29.5 1545 1670 779 175 438 435 189 29.75 1547 1676 763 183 421 431 180 30 1549 1675 748 187 386 485 181 30.25 1550 1445 566 167 326 356 172 30.5 1552 1215 454 146 273 285 143 30.75 1554 1111 444 136 247 249 128 31 1556 1034 412 134 233 247 130 31.25 1558 983 421 138 222 248 121 31.5 1559 939 416 127 216 243 123 31.75 1561 906 400 127 207 240 118 32 1563 873 383 127 216 228 117 32.25 1565 847 380 122 211 215 117 32.5 1566 820 380 124 201 204 118 32.75 1568 800 373 126 201 201 119 33 1570 777 368 123 194 191 115 33.25 1571 760 362 119 190 192 114 33.5 1573 742 349 121 190 197 114 33.75 1575 727 326 119 186 198 113 34 1576 710 331 120 189 185 113 34.25 1578 697 329 118 186 181 108 34.5 1579 683 328 118 175 186 110 34.75 1581 671 320 115 177 171 112 35 1583 658 308 111 173 168 108 35.25 1584 648 308 113 179 170 110 35.5 1586 637 309 114 171 168 108 35.75 1587 627 300 117 170 172 111 36 1589 617 291 115 168 166 110 36.25 1590 608 292 111 164 165 109 36.5 1592 599 288 113 169 166 109 36.75 1593 591 288 113 166 160 107 37 1595 582 277 112 162 157 107 37.25 1596 575 264 112 164 163 106 37.5 1598 566 269 112 164 162 108 37.75 1599 559 264 109 154 160 108 38 1601 552 257 109 156 163 105 38.25 1602 545 252 111 152 154 106 38.5 1604 539 256 108 155 153 107 38.75 1605 533 251 107 156 156 105 39 1606 526 239 106 150 158 105 39.25 1608 519 249 108 146 151 103 39.5 1609 513 249 108 151 145 105 39.75 1611 508 249 105 147 146 102 40 1612 502 237 106 147 148 102

TABLE 2 E119 Pass/ Pass/ Pass/ Pass/ Pass/ Pass/ Pass/ Pass/ Pass/ Pass/ Pass/ Pass/ Pass/ Std Burn Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Time Average Room TC TC TC TC TC TC TC TC TC TC TC TC TC (min) (° F.) (° F.) #18 #19 #28 #31 #32 #33 #34 #35 #36 #37 #38 #39 #40 0 68 93 87 86 84 85 84 84 85 85 84 84 85 85 86 0.25 115 537 87 86 84 85 85 85 85 85 84 84 85 85 86 0.5 161 945 87 86 83 85 85 85 85 85 84 84 85 85 86 0.75 208 1080 87 86 84 85 85 85 85 85 84 84 85 85 86 1 254 1146 87 86 84 85 85 85 85 85 84 84 85 85 86 1.25 301 1187 87 86 83 85 85 85 85 85 84 84 85 85 86 1.5 348 1219 87 86 84 85 84 84 85 85 84 84 85 85 86 1.75 394 1233 87 86 84 85 85 85 85 85 84 84 85 85 86 2 441 1239 87 86 84 85 85 85 85 85 84 84 85 85 86 2.25 487 1244 87 86 84 85 85 85 85 85 84 84 85 86 86 2.5 534 1250 87 86 85 85 85 85 85 86 84 84 85 86 86 2.75 581 1266 87 86 85 85 85 85 85 86 85 84 85 86 86 3 627 1277 87 86 86 85 85 85 85 86 84 85 85 86 86 3.25 674 1288 87 86 87 85 85 85 85 86 85 85 85 86 87 3.5 720 1301 87 86 87 85 85 85 86 86 85 85 85 86 87 3.75 767 1319 87 86 88 85 85 85 86 87 85 85 85 86 87 4 814 1327 87 86 89 85 85 85 86 87 85 85 85 86 87 4.25 860 1359 87 86 90 85 85 85 86 87 85 85 85 86 87 4.5 907 1362 87 86 91 85 85 85 86 87 85 85 86 86 88 4.75 953 1365 87 86 92 85 85 85 86 88 85 85 86 86 88 5 1000 1360 88 87 93 85 85 85 86 88 85 85 86 86 88 5.25 1015 1363 88 87 95 85 85 85 86 89 85 85 86 86 89 5.5 1030 1364 88 87 96 85 85 85 86 89 85 86 86 87 89 5.75 1045 1373 89 87 97 85 85 86 86 89 85 86 86 87 90 6 1060 1366 89 87 98 85 85 86 86 90 85 86 86 87 90 6.25 1075 1366 89 88 99 85 85 86 86 90 85 86 86 87 91 6.5 1090 1367 90 88 101 85 85 86 86 91 85 86 86 87 91 6.75 1105 1372 90 88 102 86 85 86 87 91 85 86 86 87 92 7 1120 1369 91 89 104 86 86 86 87 92 86 87 86 88 92 7.25 1135 1371 91 89 105 86 86 86 87 92 86 87 86 88 93 7.5 1150 1376 92 89 107 86 86 86 87 93 86 87 87 88 93 7.75 1165 1386 92 90 108 86 86 86 87 93 86 87 87 88 94 8 1180 1382 93 90 110 86 86 87 87 94 86 87 87 88 94 8.25 1195 1388 94 91 112 86 86 87 87 95 86 87 87 89 95 8.5 1210 1389 94 91 113 86 86 87 87 95 86 88 87 89 96 8.75 1225 1387 95 92 115 86 86 87 88 96 86 88 87 89 97 9 1240 1390 95 92 117 86 86 87 88 97 86 88 87 89 97 9.25 1255 1392 96 93 119 87 87 87 88 97 87 88 87 89 98 9.5 1270 1396 97 93 121 87 87 88 88 98 87 88 88 90 99 9.75 1285 1401 97 94 123 87 87 88 88 99 87 89 88 90 99 10 1300 1397 98 94 125 87 87 88 89 99 87 89 88 90 100 10.25 1312 1397 99 95 127 87 87 88 89 100 87 89 88 91 101 10.5 1317 1405 100 95 129 87 87 89 89 101 87 89 88 91 102 10.75 1323 1406 100 96 131 87 88 89 89 102 87 90 88 91 103 11 1328 1409 101 97 133 88 88 89 89 102 88 90 89 91 104 11.25 1333 1396 102 97 135 88 88 89 90 103 88 90 89 92 105 11.5 1337 1415 102 98 137 88 88 89 90 104 88 90 89 92 105 11.75 1342 1415 103 98 140 88 88 90 90 105 88 91 89 92 106 12 1347 1415 104 99 142 88 88 90 91 106 89 91 90 92 108 12.25 1351 1417 104 99 145 89 89 90 91 106 89 91 90 93 108 12.5 1356 1421 105 100 148 89 89 91 91 107 89 92 90 93 110 12.75 1360 1427 106 100 150 89 90 91 91 108 89 92 90 93 111 13 1364 1424 106 101 154 89 90 91 91 109 89 92 90 93 112 13.25 1369 1431 107 102 156 89 90 91 92 110 90 93 91 94 112 13.5 1373 1431 108 102 160 90 90 92 92 110 90 93 91 94 113 13.75 1377 1438 108 103 163 90 91 92 92 111 90 93 91 94 115 14 1381 1434 109 103 168 90 91 92 93 112 90 93 91 95 116 14.25 1385 1432 110 104 172 90 91 92 93 113 91 94 92 95 117 14.5 1388 1439 110 104 179 91 91 93 93 114 91 94 92 95 118 14.75 1392 1434 111 105 188 91 92 93 93 115 91 94 92 95 119 15 1396 1434 112 106 198 91 92 93 94 116 91 94 92 96 120 15.25 1400 1491 113 106 203 92 92 94 94 117 92 95 92 96 121 15.5 1403 1520 113 107 205 92 93 94 94 118 92 95 93 96 122 15.75 1407 1531 114 107 207 92 93 94 94 119 92 95 93 97 123 16 1410 1534 115 108 208 92 93 94 95 120 92 96 93 97 125 16.25 1414 1534 116 108 209 93 93 95 95 121 93 96 93 97 126 16.5 1417 1546 117 109 209 93 94 95 95 122 93 96 93 98 127 16.75 1420 1535 118 109 209 93 94 95 95 123 93 97 94 98 128 17 1424 1533 119 110 210 94 94 96 96 124 93 97 94 98 129 17.25 1427 1554 120 111 210 94 95 96 96 125 94 97 94 98 130 17.5 1430 1549 122 111 211 94 95 96 97 126 94 98 94 99 132 17.75 1433 1558 123 112 211 94 95 97 97 127 94 98 95 99 133 18 1436 1556 123 113 211 95 96 97 97 128 94 98 95 99 134 18.25 1439 1570 125 113 211 95 96 98 98 129 95 99 95 100 136 18.5 1442 1547 126 114 211 96 97 98 98 130 95 99 96 100 137 18.75 1445 1560 127 115 211 96 97 98 98 131 95 99 96 101 138 19 1448 1555 128 115 211 97 97 99 99 133 96 100 96 101 140 19.25 1451 1554 129 116 211 97 98 99 99 134 96 100 97 101 141 19.5 1454 1556 130 117 211 97 98 99 99 135 96 100 97 102 143 19.75 1457 1569 131 118 211 98 98 100 100 136 97 101 97 102 144 20 1459 1564 132 119 211 98 99 100 100 138 97 101 97 102 146 20.25 1462 1575 133 120 211 98 99 100 100 139 97 102 98 103 148 20.5 1465 1576 135 121 212 99 100 101 101 140 98 102 98 103 150 20.75 1467 1571 136 122 214 99 100 101 101 142 98 102 98 103 151 21 1470 1576 137 123 216 100 100 102 101 143 99 103 99 104 153 21.25 1473 1560 139 124 218 100 101 102 102 145 99 103 99 104 155 21.5 1475 1572 141 126 219 101 101 102 102 146 99 104 100 105 157 21.75 1478 1581 142 127 220 101 102 103 103 147 100 104 100 105 159 22 1480 1544 144 129 222 102 102 103 103 149 100 105 100 105 162 22.25 1483 1548 145 130 222 102 102 104 103 150 100 105 101 106 164 22.5 1485 1551 147 131 223 103 103 104 104 152 101 106 101 106 167 22.75 1488 1549 148 132 224 103 103 104 104 153 101 106 101 107 170 23 1490 1557 149 134 224 104 104 105 105 155 102 107 102 107 177 23.25 1493 1554 151 135 225 105 104 105 105 156 102 107 102 108 193 23.5 1495 1553 152 137 226 106 105 106 106 158 103 108 103 108 204 23.75 1497 1569 153 138 227 106 105 106 106 159 103 108 103 108 207 24 1499 1586 155 139 227 107 106 107 106 161 103 108 103 109 208 24.25 1502 1591 156 140 228 107 106 107 107 163 104 109 104 110 208 24.5 1504 1582 157 141 230 108 107 108 107 164 104 109 104 110 209 24.75 1506 1599 158 142 231 109 107 108 107 166 105 110 105 110 209 25 1508 1589 159 143 233 110 107 109 108 167 105 110 105 111 209 25.25 1511 1607 160 144 235 110 108 109 108 169 106 111 106 111 210 25.5 1513 1643 160 145 237 111 108 110 109 171 106 111 106 112 210 25.75 1515 1627 161 146 238 112 109 110 109 172 107 112 107 112 210 26 1517 1637 162 147 239 113 109 110 110 174 107 112 107 113 210 26.25 1519 1634 163 147 240 114 110 111 110 176 108 113 107 113 210 26.5 1521 1653 163 148 239 115 110 112 111 178 108 113 108 114 210 26.75 1523 1633 164 149 235 116 111 112 111 180 109 114 108 114 210 27 1525 1650 165 150 229 117 111 113 112 183 109 114 109 115 210 27.25 1527 1654 165 151 226 118 112 113 112 186 110 115 109 115 210 27.5 1529 1666 166 151 223 119 112 113 112 190 110 115 110 116 210 27.75 1531 1662 167 152 221 120 113 114 113 194 111 116 110 116 210 28 1533 1674 167 153 219 121 113 114 113 199 111 116 111 117 210 28.25 1535 1668 168 153 218 122 114 115 114 202 112 117 111 117 210 28.5 1537 1657 168 154 218 123 114 115 114 205 112 117 112 118 210 28.75 1539 1672 169 154 218 124 115 116 115 206 113 118 112 118 210 29 1541 1671 170 155 218 125 115 116 115 207 113 118 113 119 210 29.25 1543 1668 170 155 218 126 116 117 116 208 114 119 113 119 210 29.5 1545 1670 171 156 218 127 116 117 116 209 114 119 114 120 210 29.75 1547 1676 171 156 218 128 117 118 117 209 115 120 114 120 210 30 1549 1675 171 157 218 129 117 118 117 209 115 120 115 121 210 30.25 1550 1445 172 158 218 129 118 119 118 209 116 121 115 121 210 30.5 1552 1215 173 158 219 130 118 120 118 210 116 121 116 121 210 30.75 1554 1111 173 159 219 131 119 120 119 210 117 122 117 122 210 31 1556 1034 174 159 220 132 120 121 119 210 117 122 117 123 210 31.25 1558 983 174 160 220 133 120 121 120 209 118 123 118 123 210 31.5 1559 939 175 160 221 134 120 122 120 209 118 123 118 124 210 31.75 1561 906 175 161 221 135 121 122 121 209 119 124 119 124 209 32 1563 873 176 161 221 135 121 122 121 209 119 124 119 124 209 32.25 1565 847 177 162 221 136 122 123 121 209 120 124 120 125 209 32.5 1566 820 177 162 222 137 122 123 122 208 120 125 120 125 208 32.75 1568 800 178 163 222 137 123 124 122 208 121 125 121 126 208 33 1570 777 178 163 223 138 123 124 123 208 121 126 121 126 208 33.25 1571 760 179 164 223 138 123 124 123 207 121 126 121 126 207 33.5 1573 742 179 164 223 139 124 125 123 207 122 126 122 127 207 33.75 1575 727 180 165 224 139 124 125 124 206 122 126 122 127 206 34 1576 710 180 165 224 139 124 125 124 206 123 127 123 127 206 34.25 1578 697 181 165 225 140 125 126 124 205 123 127 123 128 205 34.5 1579 683 181 166 225 140 125 126 124 205 123 127 124 128 205 34.75 1581 671 182 166 227 140 125 126 125 205 124 127 124 128 205 35 1583 658 182 167 228 140 125 126 125 204 124 128 124 128 204 35.25 1584 648 182 167 230 141 126 127 125 204 124 128 125 129 204 35.5 1586 637 183 167 232 141 126 127 126 203 124 128 125 129 204 35.75 1587 627 183 167 236 141 126 127 126 203 125 128 126 129 203 36 1589 617 184 168 243 141 126 127 126 202 125 128 126 129 203 36.25 1590 608 184 168 252 141 127 128 126 202 125 128 126 129 203 36.5 1592 599 185 168 261 141 127 128 126 201 126 129 126 130 202 36.75 1593 591 185 168 269 141 127 128 126 201 126 129 127 130 202 37 1595 582 185 169 274 142 127 128 127 200 126 129 127 130 201 37.25 1596 575 186 169 277 141 127 128 127 200 126 129 127 130 201 37.5 1598 566 186 169 279 142 127 128 127 200 127 129 128 131 201 37.75 1599 559 186 169 282 141 128 128 127 199 127 129 128 131 200 38 1601 552 187 170 285 141 128 128 127 199 127 129 128 131 200 38.25 1602 545 187 170 289 141 128 129 127 198 127 129 128 131 200 38.5 1604 539 187 170 292 141 128 129 128 198 127 129 129 131 199 38.75 1605 533 187 171 295 141 128 129 128 197 127 129 129 131 199 39 1606 526 187 171 298 141 128 129 128 197 127 130 129 131 199 39.25 1608 519 187 171 300 141 128 129 128 196 128 130 129 131 198 39.5 1609 513 188 172 302 141 128 129 128 196 128 130 129 131 198 39.75 1611 508 188 173 303 141 128 129 128 196 128 130 130 131 198 40 1612 502 188 174 304 141 128 129 128 195 128 130 130 132 197

TABLE 3 E119 Pass/ Pass/ Pass/ Pass/ Pass/ Pass/ Std Burn Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Fail Time Average Room TC TC TC TC TC TC (min) (° F.) (° F.) #49 #50 #51 #52 #53 #54 0 68 93 86 86 86 85 85 85 0.25 115 537 86 86 86 85 85 85 0.5 161 945 86 86 86 85 85 85 0.75 208 1080 86 86 86 85 85 85 1 254 1146 86 86 86 85 85 85 1.25 301 1187 86 86 86 85 85 85 1.5 348 1219 86 86 86 85 85 85 1.75 394 1233 87 87 86 86 85 85 2 441 1239 86 87 86 86 85 85 2.25 487 1244 86 87 86 86 85 86 2.5 534 1250 87 87 86 86 86 86 2.75 581 1266 87 87 86 86 86 86 3 627 1277 87 87 86 86 86 86 3.25 674 1288 87 87 86 86 86 86 3.5 720 1301 87 87 86 86 86 86 3.75 767 1319 87 87 86 86 85 85 4 814 1327 87 87 86 86 86 86 4.25 860 1359 87 87 86 86 86 86 4.5 907 1362 87 87 87 86 86 86 4.75 953 1365 87 87 86 86 86 86 5 1000 1360 87 87 86 86 86 86 5.25 1015 1363 87 87 86 86 86 86 5.5 1030 1364 87 87 87 86 86 86 5.75 1045 1373 87 87 87 86 86 86 6 1060 1366 87 87 87 86 86 86 6.25 1075 1366 87 87 86 86 86 86 6.5 1090 1367 87 87 87 86 86 86 6.75 1105 1372 87 87 87 86 86 87 7 1120 1369 87 87 86 86 86 86 7.25 1135 1371 87 87 87 86 86 87 7.5 1150 1376 87 88 87 86 86 87 7.75 1165 1386 87 88 87 86 86 87 8 1180 1382 87 88 87 86 86 87 8.25 1195 1388 87 89 87 86 86 87 8.5 1210 1389 87 88 87 87 87 87 8.75 1225 1387 87 88 87 87 87 87 9 1240 1390 87 89 87 87 87 87 9.25 1255 1392 87 90 87 87 87 87 9.5 1270 1396 87 89 87 86 86 87 9.75 1285 1401 87 89 87 87 87 87 10 1300 1397 87 89 87 87 87 88 10.25 1312 1397 87 89 87 86 86 88 10.5 1317 1405 87 88 87 86 86 88 10.75 1323 1406 87 88 88 86 86 88 11 1328 1409 88 90 87 87 87 88 11.25 1333 1396 88 91 87 87 87 88 11.5 1337 1415 88 92 87 87 87 88 11.75 1342 1415 88 90 87 87 87 88 12 1347 1415 88 91 88 87 87 88 12.25 1351 1417 87 91 88 87 87 88 12.5 1356 1421 88 90 88 88 88 88 12.75 1360 1427 88 92 88 87 87 89 13 1364 1424 88 94 88 87 87 89 13.25 1369 1431 88 91 88 87 87 89 13.5 1373 1431 88 90 88 87 87 89 13.75 1377 1438 89 90 88 88 88 89 14 1381 1434 90 92 88 89 89 89 14.25 1385 1432 89 92 88 88 88 90 14.5 1388 1439 89 91 88 88 88 89 14.75 1392 1434 89 94 88 88 88 89 15 1396 1434 89 95 88 88 89 90 15.25 1400 1491 89 93 88 88 88 90 15.5 1403 1520 89 93 89 88 88 91 15.75 1407 1531 89 94 89 88 90 91 16 1410 1534 89 93 89 88 89 91 16.25 1414 1534 89 93 89 88 88 91 16.5 1417 1546 89 93 89 88 89 91 16.75 1420 1535 90 92 89 88 89 91 17 1424 1533 90 95 89 89 91 90 17.25 1427 1554 90 94 89 89 90 91 17.5 1430 1549 89 93 89 89 90 91 17.75 1433 1558 92 93 90 90 90 91 18 1436 1556 93 92 89 92 90 91 18.25 1439 1570 92 96 90 92 90 92 18.5 1442 1547 92 94 89 90 92 92 18.75 1445 1560 91 94 89 89 91 91 19 1448 1555 91 98 89 89 91 92 19.25 1451 1554 92 97 89 90 92 91 19.5 1454 1556 92 97 90 90 93 92 19.75 1457 1569 91 97 90 90 92 92 20 1459 1564 91 97 90 89 91 92 20.25 1462 1575 91 97 91 90 93 92 20.5 1465 1576 93 99 90 91 93 92 20.75 1467 1571 93 96 91 92 91 93 21 1470 1576 94 98 90 92 93 92 21.25 1473 1560 94 96 90 92 93 92 21.5 1475 1572 93 101 91 91 93 93 21.75 1478 1581 92 97 91 90 92 93 22 1480 1544 92 97 91 90 92 93 22.25 1483 1548 92 96 91 91 92 93 22.5 1485 1551 95 99 92 91 92 93 22.75 1488 1549 95 101 92 92 93 93 23 1490 1557 96 101 91 92 93 93 23.25 1493 1554 95 101 92 92 92 93 23.5 1495 1553 94 100 92 92 94 93 23.75 1497 1569 94 99 93 92 92 94 24 1499 1586 95 101 93 92 94 94 24.25 1502 1591 97 99 93 94 94 94 24.5 1504 1582 97 99 93 94 95 94 24.75 1506 1599 94 100 93 93 96 94 25 1508 1589 96 99 94 92 96 94 25.25 1511 1607 96 98 93 93 94 94 25.5 1513 1643 96 98 95 95 93 95 25.75 1515 1627 95 100 95 94 94 95 26 1517 1637 95 98 94 94 94 94 26.25 1519 1634 99 97 96 95 94 95 26.5 1521 1653 98 98 95 96 94 95 26.75 1523 1633 96 102 96 93 94 95 27 1525 1650 97 103 96 94 96 95 27.25 1527 1654 97 102 95 94 97 96 27.5 1529 1666 96 101 96 94 95 96 27.75 1531 1662 98 100 96 93 94 95 28 1533 1674 99 98 97 95 94 96 28.25 1535 1668 97 100 95 94 95 95 28.5 1537 1657 97 99 99 94 95 96 28.75 1539 1672 97 99 97 94 96 95 29 1541 1671 102 101 98 95 95 96 29.25 1543 1668 98 101 100 94 95 96 29.5 1545 1670 96 100 100 94 95 97 29.75 1547 1676 98 100 99 95 95 97 30 1549 1675 97 99 97 97 95 95 30.25 1550 1445 99 99 98 97 95 96 30.5 1552 1215 99 101 98 95 96 96 30.75 1554 1111 98 102 99 95 96 96 31 1556 1034 100 102 98 96 98 95 31.25 1558 983 98 105 98 94 97 96 31.5 1559 939 96 104 98 94 98 95 31.75 1561 906 98 104 98 94 98 95 32 1563 873 97 102 99 95 97 96 32.25 1565 847 98 100 99 94 96 96 32.5 1566 820 98 100 101 95 97 97 32.75 1568 800 97 99 100 95 97 97 33 1570 777 99 100 100 97 97 97 33.25 1571 760 101 101 100 97 97 97 33.5 1573 742 98 101 99 96 97 97 33.75 1575 727 100 103 100 95 98 96 34 1576 710 97 104 100 95 98 96 34.25 1578 697 99 103 102 95 97 97 34.5 1579 683 99 103 101 95 97 97 34.75 1581 671 99 101 101 94 97 97 35 1583 658 97 100 101 93 95 97 35.25 1584 648 97 101 100 94 96 98 35.5 1586 637 97 102 99 94 96 96 35.75 1587 627 99 101 100 97 96 97 36 1589 617 100 100 99 97 96 97 36.25 1590 608 99 100 99 97 96 97 36.5 1592 599 98 102 100 94 97 97 36.75 1593 591 100 105 99 95 98 97 37 1595 582 99 104 100 94 98 97 37.25 1596 575 97 103 100 95 98 97 37.5 1598 566 98 102 101 96 98 97 37.75 1599 559 98 103 99 94 96 96 38 1601 552 98 102 100 94 97 96 38.25 1602 545 99 103 100 95 99 96 38.5 1604 539 98 104 99 94 99 96 38.75 1605 533 99 106 100 95 98 95 39 1606 526 98 104 101 94 97 96 39.25 1608 519 97 101 100 94 96 96 39.5 1609 513 97 100 100 94 95 96 39.75 1611 508 97 101 101 93 96 95 40 1612 502 97 104 100 93 98 96

Based upon the thermocouple data in Tables 1-3, the illustrative embodiment described above achieved the NFPA 285 standard.

While the trim bead, exterior finish system, stucco system, building wall, and related methods have been described in connection with various embodiments, as shown in the various figures, it is to be understood that other similar embodiments may be used or modifications and additions may be made to the described embodiments for performing the same function. Furthermore, the various illustrative embodiments may be combined to produce the desired results. Therefore, the trim bead, exterior finish system, stucco system, building wall, and related processes should not be limited to any single embodiment, but rather construed in breadth and scope in accordance with the recitation of the appended claims. 

1. An exterior finish system for a building wall comprising: a trim bead comprising spaced-apart front and rear walls, a bottom wall connecting the front and rear walls, and a flange portion extending from the front wall, wherein said flange includes a plurality of openings communicating through the thickness of the flange; an insulation layer; and at least one layer of an exterior finishing coating applied to the insulation layer and the flange of the trim bead.
 2. The exterior finish system of claim 1, wherein said bottom wall comprises at least one weep hole.
 3. The exterior finish system of claim 2, wherein said rear wall comprises at least one opening communicating at least partially through the thickness of the rear wall.
 4. The exterior finish system of claim 1, wherein said flange comprises a mesh.
 5. The exterior finish system of claim 4, wherein said mesh comprises a diamond mesh.
 6. The exterior finish system of claim 1, wherein said flange comprises a ribbed structure.
 7. The exterior finish system of claim 1, wherein said flange is perforated.
 8. The exterior finish system of claim 1, wherein as flange is stamped.
 9. The exterior finish system of claim 1, wherein said flange is expanded.
 10. The exterior finish system of claim 1, wherein said trim bead comprises polymer material, a metal material, a metal alloy material, or composite material.
 11. The exterior finishing system of claim 1, further comprising a weather resistive barrier.
 12. The exterior finishing system of claim 1, further comprising a reinforcement layer attached to said insulation layer for holding exterior finishing coatings.
 13. A building wall comprising: a frame; a trim bead attached to the frame, said trim bead comprising spaced-apart front and rear walls, a bottom wall connecting the front and rear walls, and a flange portion extending from the front wall, wherein said flange includes a plurality of openings communicating through the thickness of the flange; an insulation layer adjacent the trim bead and attached to said frame; and at least one layer of an exterior finishing coating applied to the insulation layer and the flange of the trim bead.
 14. The building wall of claim 13, further comprising a reinforcement layer attached to said insulation layer.
 15. The building wall of claim 14, wherein said reinforcement layer comprises a lath.
 16. The building wall of claim 15 wherein said exterior finishing coating comprises: at least one layer of a stucco coating applied to the insulation layer, a lath, and the flange of the trim bead.
 17. The exterior finishing system of claim 13, further comprising a weather resistive barrier.
 18. A building wall comprising: a frame; a building wall substrate attached to the frame; a trim bead attached to the building wall substrate, said trim bead comprising spaced-apart front and rear walls, a bottom wall connecting the front and rear walls, and a flange portion extending from the front wall, wherein said flange includes a plurality of openings communicating through the thickness of the flange; an insulation layer adjacent the trim bead and attached to said building wall substrate; and at least one layer of an exterior finishing coating applied to the insulation layer and the flange of the trim bead.
 19. The building wall of claim 18, further comprising a reinforcement layer attached to said insulation layer.
 20. The building wall of claim 19, wherein said reinforcement layer comprises a lath.
 21. The building wall of claim 18 wherein said exterior finishing coating comprises at least one layer of a stucco coating applied to the insulation layer and the flange of the trim bead.
 22. The exterior finishing system of claim 18, further comprising a weather resistive barrier.
 23. A process for finishing an exterior building wall comprising: attaching a trim bead to the exterior surfaces of a frame, wherein the trim bead comprises spaced-apart front and rear walls, a bottom wall connecting the front and rear walls, and a flange portion extending from the front wall, and a plurality of opening communicating through the thickness of the flange; attaching an insulation layer to the building wall substrate; and applying a layer of an exterior finishing material coating to the surfaces of the insulation layer and the flange of the trim bead.
 24. The process of claim 23, further comprising attaching a reinforcing layer to said insulation layer.
 25. The process of claim 24, wherein said attaching a reinforcing layer to said insulation layer comprises attaching a lath to said insulation layer.
 26. The process of claim 25 comprising: applying a layer of a stucco coating to the surfaces of the insulation layer, the lath, and the flange of the trim bead.
 27. The exterior finishing system of claim 23, further comprising a weather resistive barrier.
 28. A process for finishing an exterior building wall comprising: attaching a building wall substrate to a frame; attaching a trim bead to the exterior surfaces of the building wall substrate, wherein the trim bead comprises spaced-apart front and rear walls, a bottom wall connecting the front and rear walls, and a flange portion extending from the front wall, and a plurality of opening communicating through the thickness of the flange; attaching an insulation layer to the building wall substrate; and applying a layer of an exterior finishing material coating to the surfaces of the insulation layer and the flange of the trim bead.
 29. The process of claim 28, further comprising attaching a reinforcing layer to said insulation layer.
 30. The process of claim 29, wherein said attaching a reinforcing layer to said insulation layer comprises attaching a lath to said insulation layer.
 31. The process for finishing an exterior building wall of claim 28 comprising: applying a layer of a stucco coating to the surfaces of the insulation layer and the flange of the trim bead.
 32. The exterior finishing system of claim 28, further comprising a weather resistive barrier. 